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ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to identify the elements of the Theory of Planned Behaviour along with health consciousness and determine the role of knowledge as a moderating variable in Pakistan and Malaysia. Three hundred and forty-one observations from Pakistan and 280 observations from Malaysia were acquired through questionnaire; while, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling was applied for the analysis. The magnitude of the results varied across both countries; however, attitude, subjective norms and health consciousness, as well as their interaction terms, were significant predictors, whereas, perceived behavioural control and its knowledge interaction terms had insignificant impacts on the purchase intentions of consumers for both countries. This research will help to further understand about consumer perception in the purchase of organic food items, which will assist retailers, advertisers and manufacturers in developing strategies for such products.
RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os elementos da teoria do comportamento planejado juntamente com a consciência em saúde, e determinar o papel do conhecimento como uma variável moderadora no Paquistão e na Malásia. 341 observações do Paquistão e 280 observações da Malásia foram adquiridas através de questionário; enquanto que análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais foram aplicadas para a análise. A magnitude dos resultados variou entre os dois países. No entanto, atitudes, normas subjetivas e consciência da saúde, bem como seus termos de interação, foram preditores significativos, enquanto que controle comportamental percebido e seus termos de interação do conhecimento tiveram impactos insignificantes nas intenções de compra dos consumidores para os dois países. Esta pesquisa ajudará a entender melhor a percepção do consumidor na compra de alimentos orgânicos, o que ajudará varejistas, anunciantes e fabricantes no desenvolvimento de estratégias para esses produtos.
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Background: The dilemma of patient satisfaction vs. non-satisfaction with dentures is another never-ending debate in dentistry. The fabrication of optimal dentures is possible with appropriate prosthetic laboratory techniques along with patients’ anatomic and physiologic requirements assessed by a dentist. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient’s priority and mean satisfaction scores of the patient and dentist during complete denture therapy. Material and methods: After selecting the subjects based on decided inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients were asked to fill the proforma with VAS. The proforma contained a questionnaire divided into 3 parts which need to be filled by both the patients and the dentist, independently. The patients rated their dentures using a scale ranging from 1-5 (5=very satisfied; 4=satisfied; 3=neither satisfied, nor dissatisfied; 2=dissatisfied; 1=very dissatisfied), and a dentist rated the quality of the denture and the denture-bearing area. Results: According to the patient’s priority the majority of the patients preferred mastication (47%). The highest mean dentist satisfaction score was concerned with the extension of a denture (0.97 ± 0.28). There was no statistically significant difference with age and gender for mean denture assessment, aesthetic, phonetics, mastication and comfort satisfaction score (p>0.05). However, the employed patients have aesthetic, phonetics and mastication satisfaction score higher than unemployed patients and the relationship was statistically significant (p<0.05). The educated patients have mean phonetics satisfaction score higher as compared to uneducated patients and the relationship was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the patients was concerned with better chewing function with their dentures. Age and gender do not affect patient satisfaction. However, employed patients were less satisfied with their dentures as compare to unemployed patients. In addition, patients who were educated had better phonetics with their dentures as compare to uneducated patients. Strong dentist-patient communication is necessary to be able to satisfy a patient.
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Micronutrients play a vital role in the growth and productivity of cotton crop. A study was carried out to access the exogenous application of micronutrients on growth and yield of cotton crop. The experiment was comprised of nine treatments as T0 (control), T1 (Fe chelated), T2 (B), T3 (Mo), T4 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4), T5 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Fe chelated), T6 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + B), T7 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Mo) and T8 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Fe chelated + B). Data on different growth attributes showed that there was significant positive increase with the application of micronutrients. Leaf area was increased after applying micronutrients at 99 days after sowing (DAS) and then a decreasing trend was observed. Chlorophyll contents were increased at 81 DAS and then decreased towards the final harvest. Similarly, different yield components showed that seed cotton yield were significantly increased with the application of Fe, B, Mo, Zn, Cu and Mn compared to control treatment. Earliness index, mean maturity date and production rate index were increased significantly after combined use of foliar spray of Zn, Cu, Mn and Mo.
Os micronutrientes desempenham um papel vital no crescimento e produtividade da cultura do algodão. Um estudo foi realizado para acessar a aplicação exógena de micronutrientes no crescimento e produção de cultura de algodão. O experimento foi composto de nove tratamentos como T0 (controle), T1 (Fe quelatado), T2 (B), T3 (Mo), T4 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4), T5 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Fe quelatado) T6 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + B), T7 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Mo) e T8 (CuSo4 + ZnSo4 + MnSo4 + Fe quelados + B). Dados sobre diferentes atributos de crescimento mostraram aumento significativo positivo com a aplicação de micronutrientes. A área foliar foi aumentada após aplicação de micronutrientes aos 99 dias após a semeadura (DAS), observando - se, então, uma tendência decrescente. Os teores de clorofila foram aumentados em 81 DAS e depois diminuíram para a colheita final. De forma semelhante, diferentes componentes de rendimento mostraram que o rendimento de algodão de sementes aumentou significativamente com a aplicação de Fe, B, Mo, Zn, Cu e Mn em comparação com o tratamento de controlo. O índice de precocidade, a data média de maturidade eo índice de taxa de produção aumentaram significativamente após o uso combinado de pulverização foliar de Zn, Cu, Mn e Mo.
Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators , Crop Production , Micronutrients , Gossypium/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the breadth of Zika virus (ZIKV)-associated brain anomalies in neonates and adults.Methods:Systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement using electronic databases ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, and Global Health Library. Only those research articles, case studies, case-control studies, case-cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and organizational survey reports were included in the study that reported any fetal outcomes for pregnant women who had infected with ZIKV during the gestational period and ZIKV-related neurological complications in adults as well.Results:Out of total 72 retrieved articles, 50 met the inclusion criteria. We estimated a significant increase in incidence of neural abnormalities such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in the regions that are experiencing ZIKV outbreaks. Other neurological malformations found in ZIKV patients include hydrancephaly/hydrops fetalis, myasthenia gravis, meningoencephalitis and myelitis.Conclusion:Our systematic analysis provides the broad spectrum of neurological malformations in ZIKV infected patients and these data further support the causal link of ZIKV with neurological disorders.
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Objective: To determine the breadth of Zika virus (ZIKV)-associated brain anomalies in neonates and adults. Methods: Systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement using electronic databases ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, and Global Health Library. Only those research articles, case studies, case-control studies, case-cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and organizational survey reports were included in the study that reported any fetal outcomes for pregnant women who had infected with ZIKV during the gestational period and ZIKV-related neurological complications in adults as well. Results: Out of total 72 retrieved articles, 50 met the inclusion criteria. We estimated a significant increase in incidence of neural abnormalities such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in the regions that are experiencing ZIKV outbreaks. Other neurological malformations found in ZIKV patients include hydrancephaly/hydrops fetalis, myasthenia gravis, meningoencephalitis and myelitis. Conclusion: Our systematic analysis provides the broad spectrum of neurological malformations in ZIKV infected patients and these data further support the causal link of ZIKV with neurological disorders.
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Objective: To evaluate protective role of melatonin against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology Army Medical College, duration of the study was, from Apr to Aug 2016
Material and Methods: Eighteen mice were randomly divided into three groups [n=6]. Group [Gp]-1 received normal saline. Gp-2 received single intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate [MTX] while Gp-3 received melatonin along with MTX. Blood samples for measuring serum alanine amino transferase [ALT], aspartate amino transferase [AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] along with liver samples for hepatic histological examination were taken after 24 hours of last dose
Results: In Gp-2 MTX there was significant rise in serum ALT, AST and ALP as compared to its control gp [p<0.05]. There was significant attenuation of serum ALT, AST and ALP with protective Gp-3 [MTX + Melatonin] when compared with Gp-2 [p<0.05]. The histopathological findings in the liver of mice of Gp-2 MTX showed mild fatty changes which were markedly reduced in mice treated with melatonin along with MTX though minimal inflammation was seen
Conclusion: Melatonin has hepatoprotective potential when administered along with methotrexate
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Junctional epidermolysis bullosa [JEB] is a recessively inherited skin blistering disease and is caused due to abnormalities in proteins that hold layers of the skin. Herlitz JEB is the severe form and non-Herlitz JEB is the milder form. This report describes a case of congenitally affected male child aged 5 years, with skin blistering. He has mitten-like hands and soft skin blistering on hands, legs and knees. Symptoms almost disappeared at the age of 3 years but reappeared with increased severity after 6 months. Histopathological examination showed epidermal detachment with intact basal cell layer and sparse infiltrate of lymphocytes with few eosinophils in the dermis. There was no blistering on the moist lining of the mouth and digestive tract. Localized symptoms with less lethality and histopathological examination indicated the presence of non-Herlitz type of JEB. This is the first report which confirms the presence of non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa in Pakistan
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Association between Intellectual disability [ID] and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is well established but there is a paucity of published studies from Pakistan on this topic. The main aim of the study was to assess the frequency of ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis in the hospital outpatient sample of children with ID in Lahore, Pakistan as well as to find out which challenging behaviors, caregivers find difficult to manage in this setup. Socio-demographic information was collected, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria was used to assess children [age range 616 years] with suspected ID along with identification of behaviors found to be difficult to manage by caregivers. 150 children were assessed with mean age of 10.7 years [males 70%]. Majority [72%] had mild ID while 18.7% and 9.3% had moderate and severe ID respectively. Thirty percent of children met the criteria for any psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being Oppositional Defiant Disorder [14%] and Hyperkinetic Disorders [10%]. Verbal and physical aggression, school difficulties, socialization problems, inappropriate behaviors [e.g. disinhibition], sleep and feeding difficulties were the significant areas identified by the caregivers as a cause of major concern. Significantly high prevalence of ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis in children with ID was found in Lahore, Pakistan. Support services for these children should be responsive not only to the needs of the child, but also to the needs of the family
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Humans , Male , Female , International Classification of Diseases , Mental Disorders , Child , Adolescent , CaregiversABSTRACT
To describe the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose in children with iron deficiency anemia who did not respond to /tolerate oral iron therapy. Quasi experimental interventional study. A prospective study was performed in 100 children, aged between 08 months and 15 years, 66% male and 33% female, diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia with predefined criteriaexcluding other causes. The children who did not respond to /tolerate oral iron therapy were treated with injectable ironin a day care hematology center. Dose of iron sucrose was calculated by a formula. Total dose was divided in three equal aliquots, each one was diluted in 0.9% normal saline and infused over a period of 120 minutes onthree consecutive days. The efficacy of iron sucrose was analyzed by comparing baseline mean hemoglobin at initiation of therapy and mean hemoglobin level two weeks after iron infusion. Mean age was 4.18 +/- 3.68 years.At start of treatment,baseline meanHb was 6.09 +/- 1.37 g/dl, mean MCV 51.5 +/- 9.03 fl and mean ferritin 7.76 +/- 7.6232 ng/ml. At day 14, mean Hb was 9.21 +/- 1.134 g/dl [P < 0.05], mean MCV 66.5 +/- 7.19 fl and mean ferritin 52.47 +/- 29.6828 ng/ml . Mean hemoglobin rise was 3.12 +/- 1.081 gm/dl [P < 0.05]. During infusion, only one patient had hypotensionwho was treated. Iron sucrose infusion is a safe and effective way of raising hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia in pediatric age group in special set up with minimal side effects
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Humans , Male , Female , Ferric Compounds , Glucaric Acid , Infusions, Intravenous , Child , HemoglobinsABSTRACT
To find the outcome of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment in children without radiotherapy using chemotherapy as a single treatment modality. Descriptive retrospective study. This study was conducted at the Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan from January, 2006 to January, 2014. All newly diagnosed children with Hodgkin lymphoma up to the age of 15 years were included in the study. Diagnosis was made on history, clinical examination and lymph node biopsy for histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. X-Ray chest. CT scan of the abdomen, bone scan and bone marrow biopsy were done for staging the disease. Chemotherapy was given to all children according to UKCCSG [United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Group] protocol for treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Response to treatment was noted after completion of chemotherapy. Among 60 children with Hodgkin lymphoma. 55[92%] were male with M: F = 1 1.5:1.Age range at presentation was 3.5-15 years with mean of 8.5 years. Cervical lymphadenopathy was noted in 52[87%] and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in 8[13%] patients. Stage I, II, III and IV were found in 13[22%], 4[7%], 34[56%] and 9[15%] respectively. Mixed cellularity [MC] was the most common histopathological type, found in 43[72%] patients, followed by nodular sclerosis[NS] in 13[22%] and lymphocyte predominant [LP] in 3[5%].Lymphocyte depleted[LD] type was found in only one patient. On immunohistochemical staining CD30 was positive in all patients. So far, 53 [88%] children have completed their treatment and showed complete response to chemotherapy alone, 4[7%] got relapse and 3[5%] expired during treatment. Most of the children with Hodgkin lymphoma show complete response to the chemotherapy alone and can be treated without radiotherapy. However more patients and long-term follow up is needed for making definite conclusions
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To determine the frequency of various histopathological lesions in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome [SRNS] presenting to the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Retrospective observational study. This study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan from October 2005 to December 2012. Medical record of 152 children with SRNS, who were biopsied was reviewed all SRNS patients, both initial steroid resistant and late non-responders were included in the study out of the total 152 patients, 98[64.5%] were males and 54[35.5%] females, with a male to female ratio of +/- 1.8: 1. Mean age and standard deviation of patients was micro 8.11 +/- 3.58 years with age range of 1 to 15 years. Histopathological spectrum showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS] as the commonest [59; 38.81%] lesion followed by mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis [MesPGN] [40; 26.31%], minimal change disease [MCD] [35; 23.02%] and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis [MCGN] [13; 08.55%]. Four [2.63%] patients had membranous nephropathy. One patient of renal amyoidosis was also diagnosed on renal biopsy. Overall FSGS was the commonest lesion followed by MesPGN, MCD, and MCGN. IgMN was an associated finding in 25% cases of MesPGN. FSGS was significantly more common among children >10 years. MCD was significantly more common among children 1-5 years. MesPGN and MCGN were significantly more common among children >5 years
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Chronic periodontitis is a common disease, which occurs as an outcome of tooth supporting tissue's inflammation [periodontal ligament and gums], initiated by the exposure of the periodontium to dental plaque. By the action of various toxic products liberated from pathogenic plaque bacteria there is periodontal destruction, as well as hosts inflammatory responses elicited against plaque bacteria and their products. Inflammatory processes can be considered as the most essential functional part of pathophysiology of atherosclerosis resulting in cardiovascular disease [CVD]. Elevated levels of C -reactive Protein [CRP] have been associated with CVD and regarded as indeperident determinant of atherosclerosis. This study has been carried out to assess the possible relationship between chronic peri-odontitis and CVD determinants. This cross sectional study involved a total of 100 subjects including 50 chronic periodontitis patients and 50 healthy controls between the ages of 35 - 40 years. The patients were obtained from de-Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. A detailed personal history, past medical and dental history was taken. Patients of chronic periodontitis were selected using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs [CPITN], according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood sample were drawn and CRP was measured by using standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [EL1SA] method. These parameters were compared in chronic periodontitis patients with age and gender matched healthy controls, to observe the significance of difference. The results of this study showed that serum CRP which was a strong independent risk jnarker of CVD is statistically significantly elevated in chronic periodontitis patients as compared with age and gender matched healthy controls. The correlation between serum CRP and severity of chronic periodontitis was also highly significant. The results of this study suggest that elevated CRP in chronic periodontitis patients may predispose them to the development of early atherosclerosis. Because of the significant association of elevated inflammatory mediators with CVD, their determination may help to improve the prediction and prevention of CVD in chronic periodontitis patients as well as these results is expected to bring awareness in people about oral hygiene
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The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in the study. It was a cross sectional study and was carried out from Aug 2011 to Jan 2012. Non-probability purposive sampling. The present study included 159 dentate subjects having Angle's class I molar and canine relationships. The patients were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The subjects with history oforthodontic treatment, extractions, drifting and attrition of the teeth were excluded. All those subjects having any restoration in upper anterior segment, any facial deformity, crowding or spacing of anterior teeth were also not included. The informed consent was obtained. The patients were seated in the upright position and were asked to look straight. Before the measurement of intercommissural width subjects were asked to widely open and close the mouth several times. It was done to fatigue the muscles and to relax them during the measurement. The distance between the left and right commisures of mouth were measured using digital caliper. The casts of maxillary arches were used to measure the intercanine width. The distal margin of both the maxillary canines were marked on each sides of the maxillary cast. A dental floss was placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch and was marked at the distal margin of the canines. The dental floss was sectioned at the markings and the distance was measured between the marks using digital caliper. Both the parameters were measured three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a Proforma. The statistical results of this study showed that there was no correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. It was concluded that the intercommissural width was not a good predictor for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth width for edentulous patients in the study group
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To determine the frequency of low serum zinc level in children presenting with febrile seizures at The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health [CH/ICH] Multan. This is an observational cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan from September 2010 to March 2011. Children [6 months to 6 years of age] presenting with febrile seizures who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Cause of fever was determined after detailed history, physical examination and relevant investigations. Four milliliters centrifuged blood sample was preserved in acid washed test tube. Separated serum was used to measure serum zinc level by employing Randox kit on auto-analyzer in all cases. The outcome variable [serum zinc level] was recorded on a predesigned proforma. Out of 100 enrolled children, there were 66 [66%] male with male to female ratio of 1:0.52. Mean age of the children was 23.97 +/- 14.45 months. Upper respiratory tract infection was the most frequent cause of fever apparent in 24 children [24%] followed by tonsillitis 17 [17%], pneumonia 16 [16%], urinary tract infection 16 [16%], otitis media 15 [15%], and bronchiolitis 12 [12%]. Frequency of low serum zinc level was 26% in children with febrile seizures. Zinc deficiency could be a potential risk factor for febrile seizure in children
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Zinc/blood , Epilepsy , Child , Risk Factors , Zinc/deficiencyABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of common causes of short stature in children presenting to the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. This cross sectional study was done in Pediatric Endocrinology department, the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan, from March to September, 2011. One hundred and sixty nine children with short stature presenting to the outpatient department meeting inclusion criteria were recruited after taking an informed consent. The detailed history, physical examination including anthropometric measurements and relevant investigations were recorded. Causes of short stature [outcome variable] were recorded on a predesigned proforma for final analysis. The common causes of short stature identified were; familial short stature [FSS] 36 cases [21.3%], hypothyroidism 29[17.2%], growth hormone deficiency [GHD] 18[10.7%], insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] 16[9.5%] and constitutional delayed growth and maturation [CDGM] 11[6.5%] cases. This was followed by primary malnutrition 8[4.7%], celiac disease 6[3.6%], Turner syndrome 5[3%] cases and unknown syndromes 4[2.4%] followed by other rare causes. Common causes of short stature identified in this study were endocrine diseases followed by normal variant short stature [NVSS], while nonendocrine causes were the least
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Tertiary Care Centers , Hypothyroidism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the interpupillary distance and combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in the study.It was a cross sectional studyand was carried out from May 2011 to November 2011. Sampling: Non-probability purposive sampling. A total of 159 dentate subjects with Angle's class I molar and canine relationships were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The exclusion criteria included the subjects with history of orthodontic treatment, extractions, drifting and attrition of the teeth. Subjects having any restoration in upper anterior segment, any facial deformity, crowding or spacing of anterior teeth were also excluded. The informed consent was taken. The patients were seated in the upright position and were asked to look straight. The interpupillary distance was measured using the digital caliper. The measurement was made from the mid pupil of one eye to mid pupil of the other eye. The intercanine width was measured from the casts of maxillary arches with the help of dental floss placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch. The distal surfaces of both the maxillary canines were marked on each sides of the maxillary cast. The dental floss was sectioned at the markings and made straight .The distance was measured between the marks using digital caliper. Both the parameters were measured three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a predesigned Proforma. The statistical results of this study showed that there was no correlation between the interpupillary distance and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. It was concluded that the interpupillary distance was not a reliable predictor to select maxillary anterior teeth width for edentulous patients in the study group
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Lymphomas of gastrointestinal system are usually of non-Hodgkin's type. Primary Burkitt lymphoma involving the duodenum is very rare in paediatric population. It may present as protein losing enteropathy in adults which may lead to generalized edema, however in paediatric population these cases are associated with colicky or persistant abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, gut bleeding or obstruction. We report a case of a young male child with primary duodenal Burkitt Lymphoma presenting as protein losing enteropathy
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Despite the recent advances in the field of hematology in the form of molecular studies and immunophenotyphing, morphological study of bone marrow remains a corner stone in the diagnosis of pediatric hematological diseases. It is also helpful in the diagnosis of many non-hematological diseases. This study is unique in a sense that bone marrow biopsy procedure and morphology reporting were done by a pediatrician trained in clinical hematology. To describe the indications of bone marrow biopsy and frequency of pediatric hematological and non-hematological diseases on morphological basis. This study was conducted at the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, The Children Hospital and the Institute of Child Health Multan from January 2010 to December 2010. This study was conducted on children whether admitted in hematology / oncology ward or referred from various departments of this hospital. A Performa was filled for each patient including detailed history, clinical examination, base line investigation reports and provisional diagnosis. All bone marrow biopsies were performed from posterior iliac spines according to standard protocol for this procedure. Biopsy samples were stained with Leishman stain for morphological study. Bone marrow biopsy report was issued with detailed morphology, morphological diagnosis and suggestion for further investigations e.g. immunophenotyping. Patients age range was 3 months to 13 years with Male: Female = 1:1. Out of 100 bone marrow biopsy reports, disease distribution was acute lymphoblast leukemia [ALL] 30%, acute myeloid leukemia [AML] 7%, lymphoma infiltration 3%, aplastic anemia 18%, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpra [ITP] 7%, storage disorders 11%, hemolytic anemia 5%, congenital dyserythropoitic anemia [CDA] 2%, red cell aplasia [RCA] 2%, refractory anemia with excessive blasts [RAEB] 2%, nutritional anemia 3%, malaria 3%, reactive changes 5% and normal morphology 2%.In children, acute leukemia is a leading hematological disease on bone marrow morphology followed by aplastic anemia and various non-hematological diseases. Despite availability of advanced diagnostic facilities, bone marrow biopsy is still a useful diagnostic test in many childhood diseases
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bone Marrow , Biopsy , Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis , Pediatrics , LeukemiaABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the interalar width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in Pakistani population. It was a cross sectional study and was carried out from May 2011 to November 2011. A total of 159 dentate subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected from the department ofProsthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The demographic information like age *' and sex were recorded and the informed consent was taken. The patients were seated at upright position and asked to look straight. The interalar width was determined by measuring the external width of the alae of the nose at the widest point by using a digital caliper. With subject in a relaxed position, the recording part of the caliper was brought in contact with the outer surface of both alae without applying pressure. The inter canine width was measured from the maxillary stone cast with the help of dental floss, placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch. The distal surfaces of both the maxillary canines were marked on the maxillary cast. The dental floss was sectioned and made straight. The digital caliper was used to measure the distance between the marks. Both the parameters were recorded three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a Proforma. The statistical results of this study have shown that there is no correlation between the interalar width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. lt was concluded that the interalar width is not a reliable predictor for the selection of the width of maxillary anterior teeth in the edentulous patients in Pakistani population
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To describe the health problems faced by children who accompanied their mothers in the prison. An observational cross-sectional study. 30 children who accompanied their mothers in women jail Multan were examined from 1 October 2009 to 30 December 2009. The department of preventive and social pediatrics visited the woman jail Multan fortnightly for regular medical checkup and support to the children who were residing with their mothers in the jail. All the information regarding their ailments was recorded on a pre-designed questioner. 17 children were male and 13 were female. Mostly children were between 1 to 5 years. Anemia and malnutrition was common. Other illnesses like ARI, scabies Diarrhea and asthma were also noted in these children. One child was suffering from Epilepsy. 26 children were fully vaccinated and 4 were partially vaccinated .childrens environmental condition was inadequate. The children who accompany their mothers in the prison have to face multiple medical and social problems like anemia, malnutrition, infections, asthma and Immunization. These disorders can be prevented by providing adequate living conditions, avoiding overcrowding, providing sufficient and balanced diet, sterilized water, proper Immunization and proper hand washing